Is Your Library Ready for the Reality of Virtual Reality?

Palmer, Meghan

Grant, Carl R., Rhind-Tutt, S., "Is Your Library Ready for the Reality of Virtual Reality? What You Need to Know and Why It Belongs in Your Library" (2018). Proceedings of the Charleston Library Conference. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317070

Synopsis:  This article defines virtual reality from a basic level, as well as explores the different types of virtual reality i.e. VR, AR, and MR. Additionally, it examines the benefits of virtual reality in libraries and why more libraries should adopt the technology for regular services outside of gaming.

Evaluation: While not the longest article, I think there's a lot to gain from it if you're looking for basic information about virtual reality and how it benefits libraries. It's a persuasive piece and I think it does a great job at exploring all of the options and giving examples of how different library patrons can benefit. I like that they specifically address the issue of accessibility and point out that virtual reality is a great tool to experience learning materials or specific texts that can't otherwise be accessed in a typical public/academic library due to fragility, price, etc. Overall, I love the perspective of using VR as a more affordable way to add more to library collections and keep patron interest.

Libraries 2016

Simon Clifford

Horrigan, J. (2016). Libraries 2016. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from:
http://pewinternet.org/

Summary

A summary of the Pew Research Center's findings on American public libraries, including public opinion and current trends. It covers many topics, such as events and programs, technology, and usage.

Evaluation

The report found that most Americans think libraries should provide more digital tools and education. It also found that Americans are divided on whether or not print collections should be removed to make room for other spaces, but the support for such a decision has fallen since 2015. Both topics are of interest to collection development. Beyond that lens, the report is useful as a benchmark of the current state of the field. 

Technology Connections: Online Tools for Primary Resources

Amy Woods
Fall 2016

Citation: Moorefield-Lang, H. (2016). "Technology connections: Online tools for primary resources." School Library Connection, Nov/Dec 2016. 35.

Summary: In the Instructional Leadership Column of the latest School Library Connection, author Heather Moorefield- Lang, an associate professor of Library and Information Science, highlights a few helpful sites with great online sources for primary sources:

• Library of Congress features "historic newspapers, digital collections, photographs and veteran histories." With tons of easy-to-search, digital archives, this is a great resource for students. 
• The Smithsonian site contains a variety of resources great for language arts, history, science, and other K-12 courses. This site is vast, so librarians will want to share searching strategies with students before they delve into their research. 
• Digital Vaults is an interactive site "where users can work with photos, documents, and popular media from the National Archives." This interactive tools provides great opportunities for students to create a story with their sources. 
• DocsTeach features primary sources from the National Archives. Teachers can access letters, photos, speeches, posters, maps, and videos, spanning American history, to create rich learning experiences for students. 
• IWitness is an excellent resource for first person accounts of the Holocaust. The site features over 1500 videos from survivors and witnesses. 
• Zoom In is an interactive site that features both primary and secondary sources. Designed for U.S. history students, the site also provides lessons and ideas for teachers. 

Evaluation: There are tons of online resources available to teachers and it's hard to keep track of all of them. Although this article is by no means exhaustive, it does provide a "best of" list for primary sources. 

Race, Place and Information Technology

Bradley, Rebecca
INFO 266
Fall 2016

Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J. & Gilbert, M. (2006). Race, place and information technology. Urban Affairs Review, 41(5), 583-620. doi: 10.1177/1078087405283511


This article attempts to study the different causes of lower technology use among African-Americans and Latinos. Borrowing from earlier research done by one of the authors, Mossberger, along with many other studies, the current article determines that “place matters” when it comes to the causes of the digital divide. To my surprise, this article was published in 2006 and almost mirrors research carried out within the same time period as found in the article that I reviewed previously called “(Generation 1.5) Latinos and the Library: A Case Study.” Basically, although African-Americans and Latinos have more positive attitudes towards technology than whites within the same socio-economic level, both minority groups are less likely to have a computer, Internet access, or tech skills.



Using rather complex hierarchical linear modeling, the authors’ research concludes that the digital divide is due to the fact that many African-Americans and Latinos live in areas of “concentrated poverty,” in which 40% or more of the population is living at or below the poverty line. More shocking is the fact that 94% of these areas of concentrated poverty are in major U.S. cities. The authors suspect that dense urban municipalities are forced to spend more money on fire, police, and court services leaving smaller amounts to spend on other services such as public libraries. Also, the authors suggest that poor African-Americans and Latinos end up in large urban city school with inferior tech access and instruction. This is precisely what the authors of “(Generation 1.5)” concluded as well after conducting surveys among 105 Latino Freshman attending California State University, Los Angeles in 2006. All of the articles I have read so far go on to propose that language could be an additional issue for Latinos, further widening the digital divide. Once again, as a teacher-librarian working in a poor urban neighborhood with a large Latino population, this article only deepens my understanding of the many barriers to technology and success in higher education faced by my young students and inspires me to search for solutions to these obstacles.

Closing the Digital Divide: Latinos and Technology Adoption

Bradley, Rebecca
INFO 266
Fall 2016

López, M., González-Barrera, A. & Patten, E. (2013). Closing the digital divide: Latinos and technology adoption. Retrieved from the Pew Hispanic Center website: http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/03/07/closing-the-digital-divide-latinos-and-technology-adoption/

This report conducted by the Pew Hispanic Center in 2013 presents interesting information about Latino Internet usage, which could be helpful to both school and public libraries attempting to better understand and reach out to Hispanic community. As in most articles and reports, the authors chose to use “Latino” to mean anyone of Hispanic heritage living in the United States. This includes people born in the U.S. as well as immigrants.

This report shows that some 78% of Latinos said they used the Internet or sent or received email at least occasionally, which is up 14% since 2009. However, there was still a lingering digital divide among Latinos. In simple terms, English-dominant, US-born, younger, and richer Latinos were more likely to go online than Spanish-dominant, foreign-born, older, and lower-income families. (See graph below.)

As a Spanish bilingual elementary school librarian, this report confirms what I have already suspected. Many older immigrant parents at my school seem quite uncomfortable using the Internet to find resources for their children while younger, U.S.-educated parents appear to have fewer qualms doing so. However, in my opinion the greatest obstacle for the older immigrant parents is their low-level of formal education and in many cases illiteracy. One of my professional goals as a librarian is to offer reading classes to Latino parents in Spanish in hopes of empowering them to feel more at ease with books, libraries, and online resources.

Key Trends & Technologies Impacting Higher Ed: The 2016 Horizon Report

Micka, Tracy.

INFO266, Fall 2016

Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Cummins, M., Estrada, V., Freeman, A., and Hall, C. (2016). NMC Horizon Report: 2016 Higher Education Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. Retrieved from http://www.nmc.org/publication/nmc-horizon-report-2016-higher-education-edition/

The highly respected Horizon Report (Higher Education edition) for 2016 has been released, highlighting the trends, challenges, and technology that will impact higher education over the next five years. The key trends accelerating technology adoption can be summarized as:

1. Advancing cultures of innovation:  Using technology as a catalyst, universities aim to foster a Silicon Valley startup / entrepreneurial culture in order to drive innovation that will have practical / commercial outcomes for the local community and even the global workplace.
2. Rethinking how institutions work: Research shows a gap between the needs of the 21st century economy and how students are currently being prepared for the workplace. Cross-disciplinary approaches and new competency-based credentialing programs are made possible by technology and work to expand educational opportunities while also enhancing the employability of graduates.
3. Redesigning Learning Spaces: Physical spaces on campus must accommodate the new pedagogies of student-centered, active learning which is project-based and hands-on, calling for multiple devices, mobility, collaboration, lots of bandwidth, and remote access. These new spaces mimic real-world work environments, not lecture halls.
4. Shift to deeper learning approaches: Critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration and self-directed learning are the new buzzwords articulating the cornerstones of modern education. All of this works to help students make connections between their education and the real world. Technology- namely the internet, but also web 2.0 tools, virtual reality, robotics and even 3D printers- enables deeper learning by giving students unprecedented access to information, otherwise remote experts/practitioners, and to each other to collaborate, create, and share to an authentic audience.
5. Growing focus on measured learning: Data mining software, and the prevalence of online programs and learning management systems provide the basis for massive data gathering that feeds a growing industry in analytics and changes in student assessment. With the trend toward better matching student skills with workplace needs, assessment is morphing from measuring rote learning to tracking competency-based learning goals. Protecting student privacy in the midst of this data mining is a key factor for policy leaders.
6. Increasing use of blended learning designs: Online learning is gaining traction in colleges and universities as technology and multimedia make high quality, low-cost, and even free learning objects/content available. By integrating face-to-face classes with online offerings, universities can offer greater affordability, accessibility, and more personalization.  

The following six technologies have been selected as ones likely to have real impact in higher education over the short, medium, and long term:

1. BYOD (Short Term; 1 yr or less)
2. Learning Analytics and Adaptive Learning (Short Term; 1 yr or less)
3. Augmented and Virtual Reality (Medium Term; 2-3 yrs)
4. Makerspaces (Medium Term; 2-3 yrs)
5. Affective Computing (Long Term; 4-5 yrs)
6. Robotics (Long Term; 4-5 yrs)

My comments:

Understandably, I see a lot of overlap between the K-12 and the higher ed reports. Namely, the trends of attention to deeper learning and redesigning learning spaces, since everyone is rethinking how these institutions (schools and universities) work. As far as technology developments, both institutions will be impacted by makerspaces, robotics & virtual reality, and online learning which provides useful analytics to boost learning outcomes, but which needs to be balanced by privacy concerns. All in all, education is changing dramatically, fueled by disruptive technologies and the new pedagogies that spring from them.

Collections Are for Collisions

Casso, Gillian

Collections Are for Collisions

Bell, S. J. (2014). Collections are for collisions. American Libraries, 45(9/10), 46-49

Summery:
This article explains that serendipitous discovery in the stacks is a good thing for patrons. Even though many libraries are moving their collections more towards digital access, technology solutions can present ways in which patrons can still have those serendipitous collisions that they have in the stacks.  For instance, the Digital Public Library of America's Bookshelf, simulates shelf browsing and uses colors and different size bars to help with the browsing experience. Even making changes within the physical library itself can be rewarding. Moving different collections to areas that have high access, such as near the computers or the cafe or even meeting rooms can help with these serendipity discoveries.

Evaluation:
I think the more that libraries can do to help patrons find what they might not have been looking for is great. I usually don't browse through the stacks anymore. More often than not I know what I want to read and look for that particular item. I use to browse the stacks all the time and it would make my day when I found a book that truly intrigued me. I loved wandering the shelves, my fingers running along the spines of books, and pulling them off the shelf to read the dust jacket. This article brings up several good points. He mentions studies that MIT did in determining productivity. They discovered that by putting people into situations where they could easily collide with different perspectives and new ideas increased productivity, new ideas and innovation. I liked how the author describes that these experiences don't have to be defined by a physical space, that while it is tougher, it can work just as well in a digital environment.